Female Infertility– The inability to get pregnant after trying unprotected sex for at least a year is called infertility. About one-third of infertility results from female factors and also one-third of infertility results from both the male and females. Diagnosing female infertility is quite difficult. Analysing the infertility cause, various treatments are available. In this blog, we will discuss the Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment related to female infertility. Read to complete blog to know the complete information. Let’s Begin.
Symptoms Related To Female Infertility
The inability to get pregnant is one of the major symptoms of female infertility. A mensuration cycle that is irregular, less than 21 days (too short) more than 35 days (too long), or absent is a sign that you are not ovulating. There might not be other signs and symptoms of infertility.
Causes
The human reproduction process should happen correctly so that pregnancy can occur. In women, various factors can disrupt this process.
Ovulation Disorders
Irregular ovulation or its absence is the primary reason behind the majority of infertility cases.
Challenges in the regulation of reproductive hormones by the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, or issues within the ovary, can lead to ovulation disorders.
Fallopian Tube Damage
Damaged or blocked fallopian tubes hinder the journey of sperm to reach the egg or impede the fertilized egg from entering the uterus. Causes of damage or blockage in the fallopian tubes can include:
- Pelvic inflammatory disease is caused by infections from chlamydia, gonorrhoea, or other sexually transmitted infections. It affects the uterus and fallopian tubes.
- Having had previous surgery in the abdomen or pelvis, which may have included a procedure for an ectopic pregnancy – when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis happens when tissue that normally develops in the uterus starts to implant and grow in other areas. The increase in tissue growth, along with its surgical removal, may lead to scarring. This scarring has the potential to obstruct fallopian tubes, impeding the union of an egg and sperm. Endometriosis can also interfere with the implantation of the fertilized egg. The condition also appears to impact fertility in more indirect ways, including harm to either the sperm or the egg.
Cervical or Uterine Causes
Various Cervical or Uterine Causes can increase the miscarriage risk by interfering with the egg. Tumours or Benign polyps can interfere with the implantation or block fallopian tubes, thus affecting fertility. However, many women who have Tumours or Benign polyps do become pregnant.
Unexplained Fertility
Sometimes, the infertility cause cannot be found. Several minor factors in both sexes (male and female) can result in unexplained fertility problems. These minor factors can cure itself but you should not delay in treatment after some time.
Diagnosis of Female Infertility
If you are not able to conceive a baby in a reasonable time then it is advised that you should consult with your doctor for the treatment and evaluation of the fertility. Your health specialist or doctor will examine the proper medical of your body can even he can conduct a physical exam. It may include:
Ovulation testing
The prediction kit detects LH (luteinizing hormone) surge at home. It occurs before ovulation. After ovulation a hormone is produced and a progesterone blood test can also describe your ovulation. In addition, hormonal examinations such as prolactin can also be checked.
Hysterosalpingography
An X-ray is taken and X-ray contrast is injected into your uterus to check for problems inside the uterus during Hysterosalpingography. It also shows whether the fluid spills out of the fallopian tubes or passes out of the uterus. You may need further evaluation if any problem is found during this test.
Ovarian Reserve Testing
Ovarian Reserve Testing determines the quantity and quality of available eggs for ovulation. Women with a depleted egg supply risk including older women than 35 years may have this blood series and imaging tests.
Other Hormone Testing
Other Hormone Testing checks pituitary and thyroid hormones and ovulatory hormone levels that control reproductive processes.
Imaging Test
For fallopian tube or uterine disease, specialists conduct pelvic ultrasound. Sometimes a hysteroscopy or a saline infusion sonogram is used to see occurings inside the uterus that can’t be detected on a regular ultrasound.
Treatment
Treatment of Female Infertility depends on your age, cause, and for how long time you have been infertile. Infertility is a complicated disorder, treatment involves significant psychological, financial, physical, and time commitments.
Medications that enhance fertility are referred to as fertility drugs. These drugs are primarily used to treat women facing infertility due to issues with ovulation.
Fertility medications typically mimic natural hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to induce ovulation. They are also prescribed for women who already ovulate to encourage better quality eggs or the production of additional eggs.
Examples of fertility medications include:
Clomiphene citrate: This oral medication promotes ovulation by prompting the pituitary gland to increase the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which support the development of an ovarian follicle containing an egg. It is generally recommended as the initial treatment for women under 39 without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Gonadotropins: Administered via injection, these treatments encourage the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. Gonadotropin medications include FSH (Gonal-F, Follistim AQ, Bravelle) and human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG (Menopur).
Other Medications: Another type of gonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin (Ovidrel, Pregnyl), is utilized to mature eggs and initiate their release during ovulation. There are concerns regarding an increased risk of multiple pregnancies and premature delivery associated with the use of gonadotropins.
Metformin: This medication is prescribed when insulin resistance is either diagnosed or suspected as a factor in infertility, typically for women with a diagnosis of PCOS. Metformin (Fortamet) enhances insulin antagonism, which can improve the ovulation chances.
Letrozole: Letrozole (Femara) belongs to a group of medications known as aromatase inhibitors and functions similarly to clomiphene. This drug is commonly used for women under 39 who are affected by PCOS.
Bromocriptine: Bromocriptine (Cycloset, Parlodel), classified as a dopamine agonist, may be recommended when ovulation difficulties stem from excessive production of prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) by the pituitary gland.
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